Gout Disease – Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Introduction

Gout is a type of arthritis that occurs when uric acid builds up in the blood and causes inflammation in the joints. It is often called the “disease of kings” due to its association with rich diets, but it can affect anyone.

Causes of Gout

Gout is caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood, a condition known as hyperuricemia. Uric acid is a waste product formed when the body breaks down purines, which are found in certain foods like red meat, seafood, and alcoholic beverages. When the body produces too much uric acid or doesn’t eliminate it efficiently, it can form sharp crystals in the joints.

Risk Factors

Diet high in purine-rich foods

Obesity

Alcohol consumption

Certain medications (like diuretics)

Family history of gout

Chronic kidney disease

Symptoms of Gout

Sudden and intense joint pain, especially in the big toe

Swelling and redness around the affected joint

Warmth and tenderness in the joint

Limited joint movement

These symptoms often appear suddenly, usually at night, and can last for a few days to a week.

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose gout through physical examination, medical history, and tests such as:

Blood test to check uric acid levels

Joint fluid test to detect urate crystals

Imaging tests like ultrasound or X-ray

Treatment Options

Treatment focuses on relieving pain and preventing future attacks. It includes:

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Colchicine and corticosteroids

Medications to lower uric acid levels like allopurinol or febuxostat

Lifestyle changes such as a low-purine diet, hydration, and weight loss

Prevention

To prevent gout attacks, it is important to Maintain a healthy weight

Avoid alcohol and sugary drinks

Limit intake of red meat and seafood

Stay hydrated

Take prescribed medications regularly

Conclusion

Gout is a manageable condition with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Early diagnosis and consistent care can help reduce  flare-ups and improve the quality of life